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Humans obtain the salt they need primarily from meat and secondarily from plants and water.

Sodium controls blood volume, muscle contractions, the transmission of electrical nerve impulses, the contraction of blood vessels in response to nervous stimulation or hormones, the absorption of glucose, and the transport of glucose and other nutrients across membranes, especially the intestine. Salt is 39 percent sodium, a chemical element that is necessary for survival. In recent years, archeologists have discovered remnants of these trails, historic routes of commerce over which this important mineral was carried. Another historically known salt trail extended from El Paso northward into New Mexico. Routes from the salt lakes and salinas, or natural mineral deposits, connected the Salt Flats west of the Guadalupe Mountains with San Elizario. As the oldest and most continuously produced mineral in the state, it overshadows the Texas oil industry.Ĭarts, wagons, and, later on, trucks, transported loads of this mineral along trails and roads through the rugged Chihuahuan desert in the northwestern Trans-Pecos region. Salt is taken for granted today, but for much of human history, it was taxed, monopolized, regulated, fought over, and even used as a medium of exchange. Few would believe that the desert surrounding El Paso contains a resource so valuable that people would travel hundreds of miles to utilize it and that two wars would be fought over access to it.